प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology MCQ
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी – MD/MS प्रवेश
Pathology, Microbiology & Pharmacology · MECEE-PG – MD/MS/MDS Entrance · ४०८ प्रश्न
४०८ प्रश्न उपलब्ध। मोड छान्नुहोस्:
प्याथोलोजी, माइक्रोबायोलोजी र फार्माकोलोजी: प्रश्न र उत्तर
सही लागेको विकल्पमा थिच्नुहोस्। सही भए हरियो, गलत भए रातो देखिन्छ; ३ सेकेन्डपछि सही उत्तर र व्याख्या देखिन्छ।
सही: ० / ०
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Primaquine is used in Plasmodium vivax malaria to:
सही उत्तर: ख) Eradicate liver hypnozoites and prevent relapse
Primaquine kills dormant hypnozoites of P. vivax and P. ovale (radical cure) and is also gametocidal. G6PD status should be checked because it can cause haemolysis.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Mesna is given with cyclophosphamide to prevent:
सही उत्तर: क) Haemorrhagic cystitis
The cyclophosphamide metabolite acrolein damages the bladder; mesna binds acrolein in the urine. Dexrazoxane is used to protect against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Ketamine produces 'dissociative anaesthesia' mainly by blocking:
सही उत्तर: क) NMDA receptors
Ketamine is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist providing analgesia and amnesia while maintaining airway reflexes and blood pressure. Propofol and benzodiazepines act mainly through GABA-A receptors.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Prolonged apnoea after succinylcholine is seen in patients with a genetic deficiency of:
सही उत्तर: घ) Plasma pseudocholinesterase (butyrylcholinesterase)
Succinylcholine is normally broken down quickly by plasma pseudocholinesterase; in atypical enzyme variants the block can last hours. N-acetyltransferase polymorphism affects isoniazid metabolism.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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The drug used to treat malignant hyperthermia is:
सही उत्तर: क) Dantrolene
Dantrolene blocks the ryanodine receptor (RyR1), stopping calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Halothane and succinylcholine are triggers of malignant hyperthermia.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Carbidopa is combined with levodopa in Parkinson disease because it:
सही उत्तर: क) Inhibits peripheral dopa decarboxylase
Carbidopa does not cross the blood-brain barrier, so it blocks peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine, allowing more levodopa to reach the brain and reducing nausea. Selegiline is the MAO-B inhibitor.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism are characteristic adverse effects of:
सही उत्तर: ख) Phenytoin
Phenytoin causes gum hypertrophy, hirsutism, coarse facies and megaloblastic anaemia with long-term use. Valproate is associated with hepatotoxicity, weight gain and neural tube defects.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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An antithyroid drug that also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is:
सही उत्तर: घ) Propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil inhibits thyroid peroxidase and peripheral 5'-deiodinase, so it is useful in thyroid storm; it is preferred in the first trimester of pregnancy. Its main risk is severe hepatotoxicity.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release by:
सही उत्तर: घ) Closing ATP-sensitive K+ channels in pancreatic beta cells
Closing K-ATP channels depolarises the beta cell, opening calcium channels and causing insulin release; hypoglycaemia is the main risk. Metformin activates AMPK and pioglitazone acts on PPAR-gamma.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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Low-dose aspirin produces its antiplatelet effect by:
सही उत्तर: ख) Irreversibly acetylating cyclooxygenase-1 in platelets
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet COX-1, reducing thromboxane A2 for the life of the platelet (about 7-10 days), as platelets cannot make new enzyme. Clopidogrel acts by irreversibly blocking the P2Y12 receptor.
💬 टिप्पणी / गल्ती रिपोर्ट (०)
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